Exam Format

ExAC Sections Explained: What Each of the 4 Exams Covers

Published: April 25, 2026 Reading time: 10 min By: Issued for Interns

The Examination for Architects in Canada is delivered in four three-hour sections over two consecutive days. Together they cover thirteen themes drawn from official references: CHOP, the NBC 2020, the CCDC contract suite, RAIC Document 6, and related sustainability and practice documents. This guide breaks down what each section covers, what's actually tested, and how to study for it.

Reference your year's Preparation Guide. Section themes and emphasis can shift slightly year over year. The official 2026 ExAC Preparation Guide on exac.ca is the source of truth for current objectives.

Format at a glance

Section Duration Day Format
Section 1: Design3 hoursDay 1, AMClosed book
Section 2: NBC & NECB3 hoursDay 1, PMOpen book (NBC 2020, NECB 2020)
Section 3: Final Project (Construction)3 hoursDay 2, AMClosed book
Section 4: Project & Practice3 hoursDay 2, PMClosed book

Section 1: Design

Section 1 covers the early phases of a project, when the architect is translating client needs into a buildable design. It's the most familiar territory for candidates with strong studio backgrounds, but it's broader than studio thinking; it includes cost, programming, and site analysis as much as design itself.

Themes covered:

Most-tested topics: feasibility studies, cost estimating methodologies (Class A/B/C/D), site analysis factors (regulatory, physical, cultural), engineering system coordination, the difference between programming and feasibility, and the standard five phases of architectural service per RAIC Document 6.

Study priority: CHOP Chapters 6.1–6.3, Building Construction Illustrated for engineering systems, the Hanscomb Yardstick or RSMeans for cost data exercises.

Section 2: National Building Code & Energy Compliance

This is the open-book section. You bring the NBC 2020 and the NECB 2020 in hard copy. Section 2 tests your ability to navigate the code under time pressure, not your ability to recall it from memory. You'll be asked questions like "what is the maximum permitted unprotected opening percentage given this limiting distance," and your job is to find the answer in the code in under a minute.

Themes covered:

Most-tested topics: Building classification (Group A through G occupancies, construction types), spatial separation (3.2.3), exits and travel distance (3.4), accessibility (3.8), firestopping (3.1.11), Part 9 small buildings, and NECB compliance paths (prescriptive vs trade-off).

Study priority: The code itself, drilled with timed practice. Read our guide to tabbing the NBC 2020 . It covers the exact tabs, colour system, and lookup drills used by candidates who passed Section 2 on their first attempt.

All 13 themes, organized for fast study

The Issued for Interns ExAC Study Guide covers every theme above, cross-referenced to the official sources. Built specifically around the 4-section structure of the exam.

Get the ExAC Study Guide ($200 CAD)

Section 3: Final Project (Construction)

Section 3 tests your knowledge of how buildings actually get built: materials, assemblies, processes, and the construction documents that govern them. It's the section closest to the work most interns have actually done, but the breadth surprises candidates: it covers everything from earthwork to roofing to specifications.

Themes covered:

Most-tested topics: material properties (concrete, steel, masonry, wood), envelope assemblies, MasterFormat divisions, specification structure (Part 1/Part 2/Part 3 breakdown), construction sequencing, and shop drawing review.

Study priority: Building Construction Illustrated is the single best resource. CHOP Chapter 6.4 covers construction documents and specifications.

Section 4: Project & Practice

Section 4 is the section most candidates rate as the hardest. It covers the contractual and business side of practice: bidding, contracts, contract administration, professional liability, and office management. Multiple answer options can feel correct because the questions test judgment under nuanced circumstances.

Themes covered:

Most-tested topics: the CCDC suite (which contract for which delivery method), bonds (bid, performance, labour & material), CCDC 2 General Conditions (priority order, payment timelines, change orders vs change directives), Substantial Performance and holdback rules, RAIC Document 6 services, and the 15% over-budget re-tender rule.

Study priority: CCDC contracts (start with our CCDC cheat sheet), RAIC Document 6, CHOP Chapters 6.5–6.6.

How total study time should split

If you have 180 hours of total study time over 12 weeks (a realistic budget for a working intern), here's a defensible split:

SectionApproximate shareHours (of 180)
Section 1: Design20%~36 hours
Section 2: NBC & NECB30%~54 hours
Section 3: Construction20%~36 hours
Section 4: Project & Practice30%~54 hours

Sections 2 and 4 take a heavier share because they're the lowest-pass sections historically, and because the volume of material genuinely warrants it.

Frequently asked questions

How many sections are on the ExAC?

The ExAC has four sections delivered over two consecutive days. Sections 1 and 2 are written on day one; Sections 3 and 4 on day two. Each section is three hours long. The four sections together cover 13 themes spanning the full breadth of architectural practice.

Which ExAC section is the hardest?

Section 4 (Project & Practice) is most often cited as the hardest, because multiple answer choices can feel correct and the material is contract-heavy. Section 2 (NBC and NECB) is hard for candidates who haven't built code-navigation muscle memory. Sections 1 and 3 are generally considered the most approachable, but only because the material is closer to day-to-day design and construction work.

Is any section of the ExAC open-book?

Section 2 is open-book. You may bring your printed copy of the National Building Code of Canada 2020 and the National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings 2020. The other three sections are closed-book: no references, no notes, no electronic devices.

How much time per question on the ExAC?

Roughly 90 seconds per question, on average. Sections vary, but as a planning number, 90 seconds is a defensible target. Practice questions should be drilled at this pace so you don't run out of time on exam day.

Can I retake just one ExAC section if I fail it?

Yes. Candidates who fail one or two sections may rewrite only the failed sections in subsequent cycles. Confirm the exact rules with your provincial licensing authority and the current ExAC Preparation Guide, as carry-forward rules can vary.